Circuit arrangement producing a phase displacement having a substantially constant value



' April 11, 1950 J, M, ss N 2,503,739

CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT PRODUCING A PHASE-DISPLACEMENT HAVING A SUBSTANTIALLY CONSTANT VALUE Filed Jan. 51, 1947 AGENT.

Patented Apr. 11, 1950 PHASE DISPLACEMENT HAVING A SUB- STANTIALLY CONSTANT VALUE Johannes Marinus Lodevicus J anssen, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignor to Hartford National Bank and Trust Company, Hartford, Conn, trustee Application January 31, 1947, Serial No. 725,460

' In the Netherlands February 18, 1946 It is often desirable, inter'alia if use is made of a so-called reactance tube, to deduce an auxiliary voltage from an available alternating voltage, the former exhibiting a certain phase angle e. g. 90 with respect to the last-mentioned voltage.

In the drawings: Fig. 1 shows a circuit arrangement used in explaining my invention.

Fig. 2 is a vector diagram related to Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram used in explaining my invention.

"Fig. 4 shows the wiring diagram of one form of my invention.

' Fig. 5 shows curves illustrating the operation of Fig. 4.

A circuit arrangement commonly used for this purpose is represented in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing.

The available voltage Vi is supplied to the primary of transformer T, of which the secondary is branched at the centre A and connected to one of the two output terminals. The series-connection of a resistance R and condenser C is connected in parallel with this secondary winding. As an alternative the condenser C may be replaced by an inductance. The junction point B between R and C is connected to the other output terminal. The output voltage Vu between these two terminals has a value corresponding to half the voltage across the secondary, consequently a 3' Claims. (01. 178-44) In the .vector diagram shown in Fig. 2 the vectors Va and Vc indicating th voltages across R and C of Fig. 1 respectively, extend normally to one another, so that their point of intersection,

upon a frequency variation, moves over thecircumference of a circle of which V2 (voltage across the secondary transformer winding) is the diameter. Consequently, the value of vector Vu is always /gvi, but the phase angle 9) between Va and V variable.

The circuit arrangement shown in Figure 1 may be replaced by that shown in Figure 3, in which it is represented as a source of voltage Vu having an internal impedance Zi consisting of the parallel-connection of R and C. If wRC=1, Vu is normal to Vi. In this case the phase angle of the internal impedance Zi amounts to 45.

Upon connecting an external impedance Zu be tween points A and B in Fig. 3, which equally has a phase angle of 45, the resulting output voltage appearing between A and B amounts to i. e. areal fraction of Vu so that it is also normal to Vi..

the phase angles of Vu' and fixed ratio relatively to V2, and furthermore exhibits a phase-displacement covering an angle Z which depends upon the relative value of R and m C and furthermor upon the frequency. If wRC=1(w=21rf) the phase angleamounts to 90. change by opposite amounts. Upon calculation However, this angle difiers from 90 in regard to it is found that this can be ensured to a close all frequencies other than J. approximation by inserting between A and B the The invention provides a circuit arrangement series-connection of a resistance R1 and a conwhich permits an auxiliary voltage to be deduced denser C1, the impedance of which series-confrom an alternating voltage, the auxiliary voltage nection is small with respect to Zi, and at the relatively to the last-mentioned voltage having same time the relation should hold: not only a constant ratio in value, but also exhibiting a phase-displacement substantially inwRc wR1c1 a dependent of the frequency. If wRC1=b then To this end, according to the invention, in a R (7 b circuit-arrangement of the aforesaid kind an RI E E auxiliary resistance R in series with an auxiliary condenser C1 (as the case may be an auxiliary in- Figure 4 represents the wiring diagram of one ductance L) is connected in parallel with the form of construction of the invention. This diaoutput terminals, these circuit elements having gram corresponds to that shown in Fig. 1 and such values t t 1 1= d R1 i t ha t comprises in addition the series connection of a several times smaller than R. resistance R1 and a condenser Cl between points This will be explained more fully with ref- AandB. erence to the diagrams shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 5, Figure 5 represents several curves indicating Figure 4 representing a wiring diagram accordthe variation of th output voltage and of the ing to the invention. phase displacement respectively as a function of the frequency and more particularly for several values of the ratio b/a. From these curves it appears that even if the phase displacement, upon a frequency variation of 50% will not change more than 10, which will often be sufiicient. The variation of the output voltage as a function of the frequency is substantially independent of the ratio b/a. An increase of this ratio i. e. the-insertion of a smaller impedance Zu between A and B, and consequently a decrease of the available output voltage is useful only when it is of importance to make the phase displacement highly independent of the frequency.

Also for values of the phase displacement other than 90 the invention permits a satisfactory frequency-independency over a large frequency range to be obtained by makin the ratio ZuIZi sufficiently small.

" For any desired phase angle q: the equation so that the phase angle q? will be most independent of the frequency if Consequently, when it is desired to obtain a phase displacement practically independent of the frequency over a more or less Wide frequency range it is necessary to satisfy the aforesaid equa tion, in which w=21r times the average frequency over this range.

What I claim is:

1. Apparatus for deriving a phase-displaced output voltage from an alternating input voltage whose frequency is variable Within a predetermined range, said apparatus comprising a transformer having a primary and a centertapped secondary, a first resistance, a first-re-:

actance connected in series with said first resistance across said secondary, output terminals" connected between the centertap of said secondary and the junction of said series connected first resistance and first reactance, a second resistance, and a second reactance connected in series with said second resistance across said output terminals, said resistances and reactances having values at which the output voltage established at said output terminals has a predetermined phase displacement substantially independent of frequency within the frequency range of the input voltage.

, 2. Apparatus for deriving a phase-displaced output voltage from an alternating input voltage whose frequency is variable within a predetermined range, said apparatus comprising a transformer having a primary and a centertapped secondary, a resistance R, a condenser C connected in series with resistance R. across said secondary, output terminals connected between the centertap of said secondary and the junction of series connected resistance R and condenser C,

aresistance R1, and'a condenser 01 connected in series with resistance R1 across said output terminals. said resistances and condensers having values satisfying the expression:

; ed in series with resistance R across said'secondary, output terminals connected between the centertap of said secondary and the junction of the series connected resistance R, and inductance L, said resistances and inductances having values satisfying the expression:

. l 521 211' f a LL where fa. is the average frequency of said range and the ratio R :R1 exceeds unity by an an amount at which the phase displacement of the output voltage established across the output terminals is substantially independent of frequency within the frequency range of the input voltage.-

J OHANNES MARINUS LODEVICUS JANSSEN.

No references cited. 

